Understanding the Appeals Process

July 25, 2024
A Man Is Sitting At A Desk With A Scale Of Justice In The Background — Memphis, TN — Vaccine Injury Lawyers

The appeals process can be complex and intimidating, but understanding its key components can demystify it and help you navigate it more effectively. Whether you're involved in a civil or criminal case, knowing how the appeals process works is essential. Here, we break down the steps and important considerations of the appeals process to give you a clearer picture of what to expect.

1. What is an Appeal?

An appeal is a request made to a higher court to review the decision of a lower court. It's not a new trial but a legal process where the appellant (the party appealing) argues that there were errors in the trial's procedure or in the judge's interpretation of the law that affected the outcome.



2. Grounds for Appeal

To appeal, you must have legitimate grounds. This can include legal errors, misinterpretation of the law, procedural errors, or new evidence that could significantly impact the case's outcome. Simply being unhappy with the verdict is not sufficient grounds for an appeal.



3. Notice of Appeal

The first step in the appeals process is filing a notice of appeal. This document informs the court and the opposing party that you intend to seek a review of the lower court's decision. It's crucial to file this notice within the prescribed time limits, which vary by jurisdiction.

4. Preparation of the Record

The record on appeal includes all documents, evidence, and transcripts from the trial court. Both parties may work together to ensure the record is complete and accurate. This record is essential as the appellate court relies on it to review the case.



5. Briefs

Both the appellant and the appellee (the party responding to the appeal) must submit written briefs. These documents present each party's arguments and cite legal precedents to support their positions. The appellant's brief focuses on the alleged errors, while the appellee's brief argues why the lower court's decision should be upheld.



6. Oral Arguments

In some cases, the appellate court may schedule oral arguments, allowing both parties to present their cases verbally. This is an opportunity for the judges to ask questions and seek clarifications. However, not all appeals include oral arguments; some are decided based solely on the written briefs.



7. Decision

After reviewing the record and considering the briefs (and oral arguments, if applicable), the appellate court will issue a decision. The court may affirm the lower court's decision, reverse it, or remand the case back to the lower court for further proceedings. This decision is typically based on whether the appellate judges find that significant legal errors occurred.



8. Further Appeals

If you are dissatisfied with the appellate court's decision, you may seek further review by a higher appellate court, such as a state supreme court or the U.S. Supreme Court. However, higher courts have discretion over which cases they will hear, and not all appeals are granted further review.



9. Importance of Legal Representation

New paragraph

10. Final Thoughts

The appeals process is a critical component of the judicial system, providing a mechanism for correcting errors and ensuring justice is served. While it can be challenging, understanding the steps involved and having skilled legal representation can help you navigate this process with greater confidence.

If you find yourself needing to appeal a court decision, contact Black McLaren Jones Ryland & Griffee PC for expert legal assistance. Our attorneys, licensed in Tennessee, Mississippi, Arkansas, Missouri, and New York, are well-versed in the intricacies of the appeals process and are here to help. Call us today at (901) 762-0535 to discuss your case and explore your options.

Close-up of a syringe filled with an orange liquid, held by a gloved hand, against a white backgroun
January 8, 2026
The Vaccine Injured Petitioners Bar Association (“VIP Bar”) is a national, nonpartisan organization of attorneys who represent individuals and families seriously injured by vaccines and who rely on the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (“VICP”) for legal compensation for their pain and suffering, medical expenses, future medical care, and lost wages. The VIP Bar strongly supports safe, effective, and evidence-based vaccination schedules as a cornerstone of public health. At the same time, the VIP Bar unequivocally opposes the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recent decision to revise the childhood and adolescent immunization schedule by changing routine recommendations for Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, influenza, meningitis, rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and COVID-19 vaccines. This change was not properly vetted by The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (“ACIP”) or supported by newly published safety or efficacy data, nor was it grounded in any emerging scientific consensus, rendering the decision both unjustified and deeply concerning. The CDC’s role in public health is to promote disease prevention and transmission reduction through clear, consistent, and science-driven vaccine recommendations. Removing or materially altering routine recommendations sends a confusing and destabilizing message to parents, providers, and the public, regardless of whether those vaccines remain technically “available.” Recommendation status matters. It influences uptake, confidence, and trust in the entire immunization framework. Abrupt changes that are untethered from new evidence risk undermining public confidence and trust not only in the affected vaccines, but in the CDC’s immunization guidance as a whole. The most immediate and severe consequences of this decision will be borne by future vaccine-injured individuals and their families. The Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, established through bipartisan congressional effort, exists to ensure that those who suffer rare but serious vaccine injuries have access to timely, no-fault compensation while preserving broad immunization coverage. By changing routine recommendations, the CDC jeopardizes access to this essential legal safety net. With further erosion of the recommended immunization schedule, families whose children are injured by these vaccines could find themselves excluded from the VICP altogether, left without meaningful recourse for lifelong medical needs, disability, and pain and suffering. Contrary to some public narratives, pushing vaccine-injured individuals into civil litigation is not a viable alternative to the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Civil courts operate under strict evidentiary and procedural rules that do not apply in Vaccine Court, including heightened liability and causation standards and rigid admissibility requirements that would, in most cases, foreclose recovery altogether. Vaccine injury claims litigated in civil court would also be forced into protracted multidistrict litigation, where cases routinely take 10 years to litigate without any reasonable expectation of compensation to the injured victims. The experience of recent vaccine-related multidistrict litigations underscores this reality. Litigation involving Zostavax, the shingles vaccine, has been pending for approximately seven years, and litigation involving Gardasil, the HPV vaccine, has been ongoing for roughly five years since the earliest cases were filed, with more than three years spent in centralized multidistrict proceedings. In both litigations, the overwhelming majority of cases have been dismissed on legal and evidentiary grounds, with no global settlement and no meaningful compensation paid to injured claimants. These outcomes demonstrate that while potentially appropriate/necessary in certain circumstances, overall, limiting vaccine injury claims to the slow, unforgiving and expensive forum of civil litigation will mean no relief for the vast majority of vaccine-injured individuals. The CDC should be strengthening and expanding evidence-based vaccine recommendations where science supports them, not withdrawing long-standing protections without justification. Public health challenges continue to evolve, and ongoing threats such as influenza, RSV, pneumonia, and meningitis demand rigorous evaluation and clear guidance. Retreating from established recommendations for vaccines long relied upon by families and providers represents a step backward at a time when public health leadership is most needed. This action also represents an early and troubling step toward undermining the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program itself. The VICP is a foundational component of the nation’s vaccination framework, balancing widespread immunization with fairness to those harmed in service of the public good. Weakening this program will predictably increase vaccine hesitancy, decrease vaccination rates, and heighten the risk of outbreaks of once-preventable diseases. The United States’ public health vaccination policy cannot reach its full potential without a robust federal compensation program—namely, the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program—to address the rare but serious adverse events that can result from vaccines. Equally concerning is the CDC’s reclassification of several vaccines from “recommended” to “shared clinical decision-making,” a change that carries no meaningful clinical benefit but could lead to devastating legal consequences. Shared decision-making has always existed in medical practice. Even under routine CDC recommendations, physicians and patients regularly discuss individual risks, contraindications, and medical history before vaccination. This rebranding does nothing to improve patient care or informed consent, yet may dramatically undermine access to the VICP. HHS has helped no patients with this move and further action may strip future vaccine-injured individuals of access to real compensation. VIP Bar urges the CDC and the Department of Health and Human Services to reconsider this course, to reaffirm their commitment to evidence-based policymaking, and to preserve the integrity of the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Public health and justice are not competing values. They are inseparable. The United States’ public health vaccination framework cannot function effectively without a durable, transparent compensation system—namely, the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program—that ensures those rare individuals who are injured are cared for while the broader population remains protected. 
A car key , handcuffs , and a glass of alcohol on a white background.
By Admin November 7, 2024
Explore Texas DWI laws, including legal BAC limits, penalties for first-time and repeat offenses, and the consequences of refusing a breath or blood test. Learn about enhanced penalties for high BAC levels, the importance of ignition interlock devices, and rules for driving with a child passenger. This guide highlights the critical details you need to stay informed about Texas DWI regulations and potential legal repercussions.
May 16, 2023
You may have heard that Autism Spectrum Disorder can result from vaccinations. Read this blog to learn where this myth came from and why it's incorrect.
March 28, 2023
If you're expecting a child or planning a pregnancy, you may be wondering if and why the COVID-19 vaccine may be recommended. Read to learn all about it.
February 4, 2023
Even though vaccines are effective, some are reluctant to get vaccinated. Learn the facts about vaccination and how it protects communities.
January 24, 2023
Shoulder injuries following all types of vaccinations are becoming more common as vaccination numbers remain high. Inflammation of the injected shoulder can cause severe pain, limited motion, and other symptoms that last months or years. Sometimes, surgery is even required. Compensation for these specific injuries is available. For a more in-depth analysis of what a SIRVA is and how it occurs, check out the following article. Click Here .
By Admin November 22, 2022
With technology taking center stage in the medical industry, vaccines help to protect billions. Learn about the common vaccine types in existence today.
By Admin November 7, 2022
Estate planning with Alzheimer's or dementia can be challenging, especially as the condition progresses. See some tips to help if you are in this situation.
By Admin September 21, 2022
Every year, a percentage of individuals develop Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) after getting the flu vaccine. Learn about this illness and its vaccine link.
By Admin July 28, 2022
Some parents question if the shot is worth it and safe. Read on to learn about chickenpox vaccine safety and what to do in case of side effects.